The meaning of diversity is defined as the condition in which comprising several distinct elements, as gender, age, religious or ethical value of system, sexual ability, and many more.
Diversity in living world Character which define:
- Growth
- Reproduction
- Metabolism
- Cellular organization
- Consciousness
Growth: -
Increase in mass & overall increase in size of tissue organ in organism is define as growth. Region of growth is also dependent on all anabolism and catabolism activity.
Types of growth: -
- Intrinsic growth (Internal growth) e.g.: - Living things.
- Extrinsic growth (External growth) e.g.: -Non-living.
1) Limited growth e.g.: - Animal
2)Unlimited growth e.g.: -Plant
Reproduction: -
It is biological process by which organism reproduce itself replica (Offspring)
Metabolism: -
It is biochemical reaction in living it occur by constructive & destructive manner.
Consciousness: -
All living organisms change their body according to their environment. It includes All biotic and abiotic factor.
DIVERSITY IN LIVING WORLD: -
- Biodiversity: -Variation in Morphological and genetical between organism on earth.
- In earth 1.7 to 1.8million species identified.
Grouping of organisms among their diversity IN three ways: -
- Classification
- Identification
- Nomenclature
1). Classification: -
- Organism divided under categories and sub-categories.
- Based on similar or dissimilar character of organism
- Classification receiving help through identification & nomenclature.
2). Identification: -
- Organism given particular place.
- Physically & biologically identification
- Identification helping classification & nomenclature.
3). Nomenclature: -
- Give name different organism (taxon)
- Given name are two types: -
- Common name: -
It is also known as Vernacular names. This name is reginal or local and are not universal.
for example: - The bird 'Gauraiya' in Hindi, 'house sparrow' in England, 'Pardal' in Spain, 'Musch' in Holland and so on.
2. Biological name: -
Biological name is also known as Botanical name and Scientific name. It is an universal name, biological name of a species is always a binomial name.
For example: - Triticum aestivum (Wheat)
Rule of Nomenclature
Rule of nomenclature initially given by Linnaeus. the frame of names is mentioned in his book. "Species plantarum (1735) and systema nature"
The rule was revised again by following nomenclature cods are: -
1). International code for botanical nomenclature (ICBN)
2). International code of zoological nomenclature (ICZN)
3). International code of bacteriological nomenclature (ICBAEN)
4). International code of viral nomenclature (ICVN)
Taxonomy
Taxonomy is the branch of biology in which we study about identification, classification & nomenclature. Its study based on some rule and principle. Before taxonomy Linnaeus study about the classification, identification & Nomenclature in systematics way.
Type of Taxonomy
Classical Taxonomy
- ü Aristotal & Theophrastus Supporter of classical Taxonomy.
- ü Aristotal called father of classical Taxonomy.
- ü Based on external morphological character.
- ü Study pattern types of roots, stem, leaf.
Modern Taxonomy
- ü Jullian Huxley supporter of modern Taxonomy.
- ü Father of modern Taxonomy is Linnaeus
- ü Based on Morphological & Anatomical character
- ü Study pattern cytological, Chemo logical, and molecular based.
Systematics
It included study of identification, Classification & Nomenclature with description.
Taxonomic Categories
Classification not a single step process. It included series of step called taxonomic categories /taxon /rank. All categories of taxonomy constituted together Taxonomic Hierarchy
Taxonomic Hierarchy
- It is a process of arranging different categories in descending order.
- It was first introduced by Linnaeus, so it is known as Linnaenhierachy.
DIFFERENT TYPE OF TAXONOMIC CATEGORIES
IN PLANT -->> IN ANIMAL
- Kingdom --> Kingdom
- Division --> Phylum
- Class --> Class
- Order --> Order
- Family --> Family
- Genus --> Genus
- Species --> Species
Kingdom: -
Highest categories of taxonomy.
- It includes all living organisms present on earth.
- There are five kingdom which include all organism.
- These five kingdoms are following: Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plant, Animalia.
Phylum: -
It is higher categories of taxonomy; it includes CLASS Which help some similar character.
e.g.: - Phylum: - 'Chordata' It include class Pisces, Amphibia, Reptiles, Anus and Mammalia.
Class: -
This category includes related orders. For example, order primate comprising monkey, gorilla and gibbon is placed in class Mammalia along with order Carnivora that includes animalia tiger, cat and dog.
Order: -
Generally, order and other higher taxonomic categories are identified based on the aggregates of characters. Order being a higher category is the assembled of families which exhibit a few similar characteristics.
Family: -
Families are characterized on the basis of both vegetative and reproductive features of plant species. Among plants for example, three different genera Solanum, Petunia and Datura are placed in the family Solanaceae.
Genus: -
Genus comprises a group of related species which has more characteristics is similar in comparison to species of other genera. Genera is closely related to species.
Species: -
It is taxonomic group of single organisms with their fundamental similarity which is represent the specific epithets.
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